Our Job Offers
Join us and help disrupt the enterprise market!
Join us, we offer you an extraordinary chance to learn, to develop and to be part of an exciting experience and team.
Head of Projects Control and Tendering
1. Management Support: ● Provide high-level management support for all projects and assignments. ● Delegate project needs to ensure assignments are executed by the appropriate personnel. 2. Team Leadership and Guidance: ● Lead and provide guidance to the Project Controls team in preparing project schedules post-contract award, including the original baseline schedule, manpower, equipment schedules, and all subsequent field working schedules as per contract requirements. 3. Project Controls Planning: ● Finalize the preparation of project control plans to define work scopes, initial estimates, budget plans, work schedules, scope changes, and required resources in accordance with contract specifications. 4. Resource Management: ● Oversee the timely allocation, distribution, and assessment of manpower resources for all projects, ensuring alignment with qualifications and skill requirements. 5. Resource Analysis and Sourcing: ● Monitor and assist in preparing periodic analyses of project resource requirements versus available resources. ● Initiate in-country sourcing arrangements with Top Management or requisitions for out-of-country resources as needed. 6. Cost and Revenue Analysis: ● Conduct thorough analyses of cost and revenue trends. ● Prepare and present reports on potential problems to Top Management. 7. Schedule Management: ● Study, review, and prepare criteria for project schedules and oversee their development. ● Apply justification and seek approval for any deviations found in project plans and schedules. 8. Reporting and Forecasting: ● Finalise and present reports on project status, covering cost, schedules, resources, scope, and contracts. ● Conduct continuous monitoring, reporting, and forecasting of project cost and revenue trends. 9. Training and Development: ● Support and assist in the company’s training programs aimed at enhancing the knowledge and skills of subordinates. 10. Cost Reporting and Collaboration: ● Lead the Project Controls team in preparing terminal cost reports upon project completion. ● Collaborate with the Finance Department to prepare Profit & Loss Statements for completed projects. 11. Monthly Status Reports: ● Review and provide Top Management with monthly project control status reports, reflecting progress on time, cost, and contractual obligations. 12. Invoices Review and Approval: ● Review and approve main contractors' invoices ...
Public Relations Manager
Responsibilities: Develop and implement comprehensive PR strategies to promote Paragon and its projects. Cultivate and maintain strong relationships with media outlets, journalists, and influencers. Write and distribute press releases, media pitches, and other PR materials. Coordinate media interviews, press conferences, and other events. Monitor media coverage and manage media inquiries. Monitor industry trends and competitor activities to identify PR opportunities and challenges. Measure and report on PR campaign results; continuously optimize strategies based on insights. ...
Admin Assistant/Receptionist
Ensure accurate record-keeping of all employees' medical and social insurance documents. Coordinate with relevant departments to enroll new employees in the company's medical and social insurance programs. Monitor the renewal dates for medical and social insurance policies and initiate the necessary actions for timely renewals or updates. Maintain a well-organized office, including file management, scheduling tea breaks, updating contact lists, and maintaining an effective calendar. Proactively identify and address repair or maintenance needs for equipment and structures, assisting the logistics department as required. Efficiently manage the shifts of the cleaning staff by maintaining a roster. Proactively track the consumption of hygiene items by the cleaning team and initiate new orders as needed. Monitor and ensure timely payment for WIFI/landline services and maintain records of hotline and telephone numbers for the office and warehouse. Stay updated on all rental contract expiration dates and promptly inform the line manager to initiate renewal or explore alternative options. Prepare office payments and gather the necessary supporting documents, including electricity and water bills. Handle photocopying and printing of documents as required. Respond promptly and efficiently to simple requests from employees. Manage all incoming postal letters and packages efficiently. ...
Paragon Sales Academy
Fresh Graduates & Aspiring Sales Professionals! 🚀 Are you a fresh graduate eager to kickstart your career? Or are you a sales professional looking for an exciting industry shift? Paragon Developments is thrilled to announce the launch of our Sales Academy—an exclusive program designed to equip ambitious individuals with the knowledge and skills to become top-tier Property Consultants! 🎯 No real estate experience? No problem! At Paragon Developments, we believe talent and ambition matter more than experience. Whether you're new to sales or transitioning from another industry, our Sales Academy will provide you with: ✅ Comprehensive Real Estate Market Knowledge – Learn everything about the real estate sector, from property trends to investment strategies. ✅ Expert Sales Training – Master proven sales techniques, negotiation strategies, and client relationship management to become a high-performing consultant. ✅ Hands-on Learning & Mentorship – Gain real-world experience with guidance from industry professionals. ✅ Career Growth & Earning Potential – Unlock the opportunity to thrive in one of the most rewarding and dynamic industries. Who should apply? ✔️ Fresh graduates eager to build a successful career. ✔️ Sales professionals from any industry looking to pivot into real estate. ✔️ Ambitious individuals with strong communication skills and a passion for sales. Join us and become the best in the business! 🌟 📩 Apply now and seize this incredible opportunity! ...
20 Hours Pathway Program
The Paragon Ambassadors Program is a dynamic part-time initiative designed to engage ambitious individuals seeking to contribute meaningfully while gaining valuable professional experience. Structured around a 20-hour weekly commitment, this program offers participants the opportunity to work closely with our teams, take ownership of real tasks, and grow through hands-on learning. From the moment you're recruited, you'll be supported by dedicated mentors, guided by clear objectives (OKRs), and included in departmental projects tailored to your interests and career goals. Our program also includes regular check-ins, interactive engagements like "Breakfast with the CEO," and structured feedback sessions to ensure a fulfilling and developmental experience. Whether you're a student, a recent graduate, or someone looking to explore new opportunities part-time, the Paragon 20 Hours Pathway Program provides a platform to learn, contribute, and grow within a culture of excellence and collaboration. ...
Front Desk/Receptionist (Gouna HUB)
About the Role: As we establish our new hub in El Gouna, we’re looking for a welcoming and organized Receptionist / Front Desk Officer to be the first point of contact for all visitors, clients, and team members. This role is key in creating a professional and friendly atmosphere while ensuring smooth front-desk operations. Key Responsibilities: Greet and welcome visitors in a warm and professional manner Manage the front desk, phone calls, and email inquiries Direct visitors and guests to the appropriate departments or meeting rooms Maintain a clean, organized, and presentable reception area Manage incoming and outgoing mail and deliveries Support administrative tasks such as data entry, filing, and scheduling Assist with coordinating meetings, appointments, and room bookings Maintain office supplies inventory and place orders when needed Collaborate with internal departments to support daily operations Requirements: Previous experience in a front desk, receptionist, or administrative role Excellent communication and interpersonal skills Proficient in Microsoft Office (Word, Excel, Outlook) Highly organized with a customer-oriented attitude Fluent in English and Arabic (spoken and written) Professional appearance and demeanor Ability to multitask and remain calm under pressure High school diploma required; a bachelor’s degree is a plus Preferred Qualifications: Experience in hospitality, real estate, or service-related industries Familiarity with office equipment (printers, scanners, phone systems) Basic knowledge of administrative and clerical procedures ...
Workplace Experience Manager (ElGouna HUB)
Role Purpose Deliver the highest experience by understanding the needs and expectations of tenants and employees and creating a strategy to assure the office space and its facilities are desirable and fully utilized. The Workplace Experience Ambassador will promote the tools and technologies that PARAGON invested in to have a desirable and productive workplace. Understand the requirements and expectations of all stakeholders; (Tenants, Visitors, Paragonians) to improve the workplace experience. Deliver a seamless experience through planned events taking place in the building. Own the reception area and set the standards for the receptionist(s) Assure the visitors’ journey is lasting positive impressions. For events, End-to-End management - reservations and the setup for all rooms needed and ensure their readiness. Raise the awareness about office etiquette and address any behaviors. Create a collaborative environment amongst colleagues across the workplace. Promote the Future of Work behaviors and drive community engagement between colleagues Monthly report Workplace Experience and engagement activities, success stories, and suggestions for improvement. Work closely with the vendors and work on Events’ management starting the planning phase. Act as an owner of the digital signage and communication displays. Provide a top-quality end-to-end VIP visitors experience (from parking, meet & greet, catering…etc.) Communicate effectively with peers and the management at all levels in verbal and written communication Will be the SPOC in the facility - Liaising with other departments, namely security, facilities, and hospitality services For Events, ensure Security and Health & Safety procedures are adhered to Liaising with clients & visitors and providing excellent customer service – creating “wow” moments when the opportunity arises Proactively deal with enquiries and requests in person, via the telephone or email, in a timely and professional manner Empowered to own the Tenant/Visitor problem solving whilst enhancing the experience ...
Projects Control Sr. Manager
1. Management Support: ● Provide high-level management support for all projects and assignments. ● Delegate project needs to ensure assignments are executed by the appropriate personnel. 2. Team Leadership and Guidance: ● Lead and provide guidance to the Project Controls team in preparing project schedules post-contract award, including the original baseline schedule, manpower, equipment schedules, and all subsequent field working schedules as per contract requirements. 3. Project Controls Planning: ● Finalize the preparation of project control plans to define work scopes, initial estimates, budget plans, work schedules, scope changes, and required resources in accordance with contract specifications. 4. Resource Management: ● Oversee the timely allocation, distribution, and assessment of manpower resources for all projects, ensuring alignment with qualifications and skill requirements. 5. Resource Analysis and Sourcing: ● Monitor and assist in preparing periodic analyses of project resource requirements versus available resources. ● Initiate in-country sourcing arrangements with Top Management or requisitions for out-of-country resources as needed. 6. Cost and Revenue Analysis: ● Conduct thorough analyses of cost and revenue trends. ● Prepare and present reports on potential problems to Top Management. 7. Schedule Management: ● Study, review, and prepare criteria for project schedules and oversee their development. ● Apply justification and seek approval for any deviations found in project plans and schedules. 8. Reporting and Forecasting: ● Finalise and present reports on project status, covering cost, schedules, resources, scope, and contracts. ● Conduct continuous monitoring, reporting, and forecasting of project cost and revenue trends. 9. Training and Development: ● Support and assist in the company’s training programs aimed at enhancing the knowledge and skills of subordinates. 10. Cost Reporting and Collaboration: ● Lead the Project Controls team in preparing terminal cost reports upon project completion. ● Collaborate with the Finance Department to prepare Profit & Loss Statements for completed projects. 11. Monthly Status Reports: ● Review and provide Top Management with monthly project control status reports, reflecting progress on time, cost, and contractual obligations. 12. Invoices Review and Approval: ● Review and approve main contractors' invoices ...
Tax Senior Accountant
Position Overview: The Tax Senior Accountant will be responsible for managing tax compliance, reporting, and planning activities across the company’s diverse portfolio. This role ensures accurate and timely tax filings, optimizes tax strategies, and maintains compliance with federal, state, and local regulations. Key Responsibilities: Prepare and review federal, state, and local tax returns (corporate, partnership, and individual as applicable). Support quarterly and annual tax provision processes (ASC 740). Analyze and interpret tax regulations and apply them to company transactions. Monitor tax legislative changes and assess the impact on the company. Coordinate with external auditors and tax advisors. Assist with tax planning and strategy to optimize the company’s tax position. Maintain organized records of all tax filings, payments, and correspondence. Participate in due diligence for acquisitions and dispositions of real estate assets. Ensure compliance with real estate-specific tax rules (e.g., 1031 exchanges, REIT rules if applicable). Provide guidance and mentorship to junior accounting staff when needed. ...
Project Manager
Role Purpose A Project Manager is a professional in charge of ensuring their teams (Consultant / Main contractor) complete all projects on time and within budget. They prevent scope creep while also managing individual tasks for their respective teams with keen attention to detail to avoid any delays or extra cost. Job Duties 1. Act as Owner’s representative and work as a KEY person and contact point between all stakeholders. 2. Represent Owner in a professional and ethical manner at all times. 3. Ensures the project meets local, ACUD and municipal requirements. 4. Acquires or assists in acquisition of licenses and permits for work. 5. Determines appropriate or necessary corrective actions. 6. Manage full project scope in all stages from inception till handing-over. 7. Manages the project budget and schedules, including all sub-budgets and sub-project schedules in accordance with other company departments. 8. Arranges for and supervises the execution of the project against the approved plan and deadline as well as, inspecting and approving progress at various stages with project consultants. 9. Ensure that contractors are performing and providing deliverables per the construction agreement/contract. 10. Authorizes change orders and other amendments to project contracts in accordance with other company departments.. 11. Provide initial evaluation of all Contractor payment applications to ensure accuracy relative to actual project construction status. 12. Assist in cash flow forecasting and processing of payment requests. 13. Track project costs in order to meet budget. 14. Monitor progress and make adjustments as needed 15. Measure project performance to identify areas for improvement 16. Prepare periodical needed reports, review and present them to the direct manager. 17. Manage contracts with vendors and suppliers by assigning tasks and communicating expected deliverables 18. Provide project updates on a consistent basis to various stakeholders about strategy, adjustments, and progress. 19. Assist in any other delegated tasks from his superiors. ...
Treasury Senior Officer (Banking & Cashflow)
The ideal candidate will be the central figure in managing the company’s debt portfolio and coordinating with financial institutions, including banks and Non-Banking Financial Institutions (NBFIs). Responsibilities: Debt Management: Oversee the acquisition and management of new and existing debt instruments. Lead negotiations and maintain strong relationships with banks and NBFIs to secure favorable financing terms. Ensure timely servicing of debt obligations, including repayments and compliance with covenants. Funding Coordination: Identify and secure funding sources to meet the company’s operational and strategic needs. Act as the primary point of contact for financial institutions, coordinating all funding activities. Develop and execute funding strategies to optimize the company’s capital structure. Cash Flow Monitoring and Planning: Monitor the company’s cash flow to ensure liquidity and the availability of funds for operational needs. Prepare and maintain cash flow forecasts, identifying potential funding gaps and proposing solutions. Collaborate with internal teams to align cash flow planning with operational and strategic goals. Financial Planning and Analysis: Analyze financial data to support decision-making on debt and funding strategies. Provide regular reports and updates to senior management on debt status, funding activities, and cash flow. ...
Senior Project Engineer
In accordance with the Project Manager 1. In-charge for overseeing all construction works 2. Provide technical support and guidance to the project team members. 3. Ensure that the installation, inspection and testing of all implemented works meets the specification and contract conditions. 4. Coordinate with other project stakeholders to ensure that deadlines, procedures, and other project requirements are met. 5. Supervising consultants and contractors to ensure that work meets deadlines 6.Consulting with the technical office on design needs and providing recommendations. 7. After discussion with technical office and design management giving instruction to the project consultant in conflicted issues. 8. Coordinate with the technical office in all matters to ensure providing the site with all required technical documents. 9. Attend all progress and technical meetings with stakeholders if needed. 10. Review projects progress reports and approve thim. 11. Identify and resolve technical issues and problems that arise during the project. 12. Ensure the project adheres to quality standards and regulations. 13. Ensure accurate project documentation, including progress reports, technical specifications, and change orders….. etc. 14. Assist in evaluation of submitted value engineering proposals. ...
Corporate Development Sr. Associate
● Research and Analysis: Conduct field or desk-based research on supply and dema analysis, macro and real estate country economics from reliable sources. This includes site visits, structuring relevant questionnaires, and planning site visit logistics. Build strong relationships within the brokerage community as required. ● Feasibility Studies and Financial Modeling: Assist with planning HBU and feasibility studies, and develop financial model ● Development Strategies: Assemble development strategies and provide market-driven, financially viable recommendations for various projects based gathered information. ● Report Writing: Draft complete reports with minimal supervision before submitting for review. ● Team Management: Manage and mentor interns to support their growth and ensure successful project contributions. ...
GUC Employment Fair Applications (Internship)
Internship Program – Explore Your Future with Us! Are you ready to kick-start your career journey? Our Internship Program offers students and fresh graduates a unique opportunity to gain hands-on experience across various departments in a leading real estate development company. Whether you're passionate about engineering, marketing, HR, finance, design, or operations – we have a place for you to learn, contribute, and grow. You'll work alongside industry professionals, take part in real projects, and build the skills that matter. Duration: 2 weeks to 3 months (varies according to the period) Location: New Cairo If you're enthusiastic, driven, and eager to learn – we want to hear from you! ...
MEP Construction Manager
Project Management: Lead and manage the MEP aspects of real estate development projects from inception to completion. Develop and maintain project schedules, budgets, and resource plans. Coordinate with architects, engineers, and other stakeholders to ensure MEP systems are integrated seamlessly into the overall building design. Sustainable Design and LEED Certification: Ensure all MEP systems are designed and implemented in accordance with LEED certification requirements. Stay updated with the latest sustainable technologies and practices to improve energy efficiency, water usage, and indoor environmental quality. Lead the LEED certification process, including documentation, submission, and liaison with certification bodies. Technical Oversight: Oversee the design, installation, and commissioning of mechanical, electrical, and plumbing systems. Conduct regular inspections and quality checks to ensure compliance with project specifications and standards. Troubleshoot and resolve any technical issues that arise during the construction and operational phases. Team Leadership: Manage and mentor a team of MEP engineers and technicians. Foster a collaborative and innovative work environment. Provide technical guidance and support to team members and other departments. Stakeholder Communication: Act as the primary point of contact for all MEP-related matters. Prepare and present reports, proposals, and updates to senior management and clients. Collaborate with external contractors, suppliers, and consultants to ensure project success. ...
Mechanical Technical Office Manager
1- reviewing the design/calculation of HVAC, Firefighting, smoke management system Hydraulic calculations, and plumbing systems from the concept design till the final IFC. 2- Managing the design consultants’ adherence to the codes, local authorities’ regulations and PARAGON’S Philosophy & Guidelines. 3- Performing the necessary value engineering studies with assessing the cost / time impacts to the project. 4- Arranging and Attending technical meetings with consultants/suppliers/contractors to set and ensure the guidelines of the project and resolving technical issues. 5- Coordination with other disciplines to ensure that the mechanical requirements of the project are fully met and coordinated with other systems properly. 6- Conducting the necessary procurement communication and negotiation for the direct purchased systems/equipment. 7- Providing technical support for the site management team and periodic site visits for following up the construction progress and resolving the essential site issues on-spot. 8- Technical and Commercial review/approval of the projects’ VOs. ...
Brand Design Manager
Brand Identity Development Define and evolve Paragon Developments’ brand identity, ensuring a cohesive visual and verbal style across all platforms. Create and oversee brand guidelines to maintain design consistency across all channels, both digital and offline. Creative Direction Lead the concept, design, and execution of all brand-related assets, including advertising campaigns, social media, presentations, and corporate collateral. Oversee photoshoots, video production, and any multimedia efforts to ensure high-quality, on-brand content. Cross-Functional Collaboration Work closely with marketing, product, and engineering teams to develop campaigns and design materials that effectively communicate Paragon’s values and vision. Support internal initiatives, including employee recognition and culture-building programs, by creating designs that reinforce Paragon’s core values (supportiveness, fashion, fairness, and innovation). Project and Team Management Manage a team of designers and freelancers, providing clear direction, feedback, and guidance to enhance productivity and creative output. Prioritize and manage multiple projects, ensuring timely and high-quality delivery. Market and Trend Analysis Stay current with design trends, particularly in the real estate and fashion sectors, and integrate these insights into brand strategies. Conduct competitive analysis to maintain Paragon Developments’ distinctive edge in the market. ...
Commercial Leasing Manager
Leasing Strategy: Develop and implement leasing strategies that maximize occupancy rates and rental income for all properties in the company’s portfolio. Tenant Acquisition: Identify and attract new tenants by actively marketing properties and building strong relationships with potential tenants. Lease Negotiations: Lead lease negotiations, ensuring favorable terms and conditions while adhering to company policies and market standards. Market Research: Conduct market research to stay updated on real estate trends, competitor offerings, and market rent values to inform leasing strategies. Property Showings: Oversee or conduct property showings for prospective tenants, highlighting key features and benefits of the properties. Tenant Relations: Maintain strong relationships with current tenants, addressing their concerns, renewing leases, and ensuring tenant satisfaction. Marketing and Advertising: Collaborate with the marketing team to develop effective marketing campaigns for available spaces, including digital, print, and direct marketing strategies. Financial Reporting: Prepare regular reports on leasing activity, rental income, vacancy rates, and market conditions for senior management. Lease Documentation: Ensure all lease agreements are accurate, complete, and in compliance with legal requirements, working closely with the legal team if needed. Collaboration with Property Management: Work closely with the property management team to ensure smooth tenant move-ins, space management, and addressing tenant requests. Lease Administration: Oversee the administration of lease agreements, including the collection of necessary documentation and maintaining accurate records in the leasing management system. Budget Management: Assist in developing and managing leasing budgets, ensuring cost-effective strategies for attracting and retaining tenants. Team Leadership: Lead and mentor the leasing team, ensuring they have the tools and resources necessary to succeed in their roles. ...
Procurement Engineer
Role Purpose Apply procurement knowledge to projects/tenders and operate procurement tools and techniques to meet the projects/tenders’ requirements. Job Description 1. Analyze project requirements, including drawings, specifications, and bills of quantities (BOQ), to determine material, equipment, and service needs. 2. Develop and implement procurement strategies that align with project timelines, budgets, and quality standards. 3. Identify potential suppliers and subcontractors, evaluate their capabilities, and maintain a database of approved vendors. 4. Prepare and issue requests for quotations (RFQs), requests for proposals (RFPs), and tender documents. 5. Evaluate bids and proposals, conduct technical and commercial comparisons, and negotiate terms and conditions with suppliers and subcontractors to achieve the best value for the company. 6. Develop and maintain strong relationships with key suppliers to ensure reliable supply and favorable terms. 7. Prepare and issue purchase orders (POs) and contracts in accordance with company policies and procedures. 8. Coordinate with the technical office, project managers, and site engineers to ensure accurate material specifications and timely delivery. 9. Collaborate with the quality control team to address any quality issues or discrepancies. 10. Ensure compliance with relevant industry regulations, standards, and company policies throughout the procurement process. 11. Monitor procurement costs and identify opportunities for cost savings. 12. Prepare and maintain accurate procurement records, including purchase orders, contracts, and delivery documentation. 13. Generate regular procurement reports for. 14. Administer subcontracts, monitor contractor performance, and resolve any contractual issues. 15. Process variation orders and claims in accordance with contract terms. 16. Verify the accuracy of invoices and facilitate timely payments to suppliers and subcontractors. 17. Conduct market research to stay updated on material prices, availability, and new products or technologies. 18. • Analyze market trends to make informed procurement decisions. ...
Business Development Assistant Manager
Key Responsibilities: Market Research and Analysis: Conduct thorough market research to identify new business opportunities and trends in the real estate market. Analyze competitors and market conditions to inform strategic planning. Lead Generation and Client Acquisition: Identify potential clients and develop strategies to attract and engage them. Build and maintain a robust pipeline of leads through networking, referrals, and direct outreach. Prepare and deliver presentations and proposals to potential clients. Strategic Partnerships: Identify and develop strategic partnerships with other businesses, investors, and stakeholders. Negotiate and manage partnership agreements and contracts. Sales and Revenue Growth: Develop and implement sales strategies to achieve revenue targets. Work closely with the sales team to close deals and ensure client satisfaction. Monitor and report on sales performance, adjusting strategies as needed. Marketing and Brand Development: Collaborate with the marketing team to develop and execute marketing campaigns that support business development goals. Enhance the company’s brand presence through various marketing channels. Client Relationship Management: Maintain and strengthen relationships with existing clients, ensuring high levels of satisfaction and retention. Address client concerns and provide solutions to improve the client experience. Budgeting and Financial Management: Develop and manage budgets for business development activities. Track expenses and ensure all activities are cost-effective. Team Leadership and Development: Lead and mentor a team of business development professionals. Provide training and development opportunities to enhance team performance. ...
Property Consultant / Senior PC
Acquire clients and identify sales opportunities. Present and promote properties. Conduct viewings and assist in the sales process. Stay updated on market trends. Maintain records and ensure excellent customer service.
Sales Manager
Sales Leadership: Develop and implement sales strategies to meet or exceed targets. Lead, mentor, and manage the sales team, providing training and development opportunities. Monitor team performance and provide feedback to improve results. Client Management: Build and maintain strong relationships with clients, understanding their needs and providing solutions. Oversee the negotiation process, ensuring profitable outcomes for the company. Ensure client satisfaction and handle any issues or complaints promptly. Market Research & Analysis: Conduct market research to identify new sales opportunities and market trends. Analyze competitors and adjust sales strategies accordingly. Provide insights on customer preferences and market demands to inform business decisions. Sales Operations: Manage the sales pipeline, ensuring timely follow-ups and conversion of leads. Oversee the preparation of sales proposals, contracts, and other documentation. Collaborate with the marketing team to develop promotional materials and campaigns. Reporting & Forecasting: Prepare regular sales reports, including performance metrics and forecasts. Provide insights and recommendations to senior management based on sales data. Manage the sales budget and ensure cost-effective operations. ...